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CCBAR Newsletter – August, 2009

Editors:  Natalia Gavrilova and Stacy Tessler Lindau

CCBAR News

CCBAR is pleased to announce that NIA support for the Center on Demography and Economics of Aging (CoA) at NORC/University of Chicago, with Biomarker Core as an integral part of it, has been renewed for another five years until June 30 2014 (grant 2P30AG012857-1609).  Biomarker Core activities were very positively regarded by CoA grant application reviewers.


News from the NEJM, Nature Journals, Science, BMJ, PNAS and JAMA

Demography: Babies make a comeback
The population of some wealthy countries is shrinking because of a declining birth rate. It comes as a surprise, and one with policy implications, that after a certain point of development that trend can reverse.

[Report] Chronic Stress Causes Frontostriatal Reorganization and Affects Deci...
Chronic stress alters brain neural circuits and affects the ability of animals to perform actions based on their consequences.

Brain Rewiring After Stress
Chronic stress, mainly through the release of corticosteroids, affects executive behavior through sequential structural modulation of brain networks. Stress-induced deficits in spatial reference, working memory, and behavioral flexibility are associated ?

Recent patent applications in biomarkers

SASPense and DDRama in cancer and ageing
Senescent cells alter their microenvironment by secreting a growing collection of factors, a phenomenon termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence is often the result of nuclear DNA damage fuelling a chronic DNA damage response (DDR). Upstream elements of the DD...

Systems genetics analysis of cancer susceptibility: from mouse models to humans
Genetic studies of cancer susceptibility have shown that most heritable risk cannot be explained by the main effects of common alleles. This may be due to unknown gene-gene or gene-environment interactions and the complex roles of many genes at different stages of cancer. Studies using

Inflammation: Finding the T in fat
Recent research by three independent groups reveals an important link between T cells and metabolic disorders associated with obesity. Alterations in the composition of T cell populations that infiltrate adipose tissue are shown to influence the development of obesity-associated inflammation and ins...

Reward: Dopamine's expanding universe
Dopamine has a well-established role in learning and decision making related to rewarding stimuli that are important for survival, such as food, water and sex. Two papers now extend dopamine's functional repertoire to include roles in processing abstract rewards and in perceptual decision making.Bro...

Intergenerational resource transfers with random offspring numbers [Evolution]
A problem common to biology and economics is the transfer of resources from parents to children. We consider the issue...

Human vulnerability to stress depends on amygdala's predisposition and hippoc...
Variations in people's vulnerability to stressful life events may rise from a predated neural sensitivity as well as from differential...

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men
Circulating sex hormone-binding globulin levels are inversely associated with insulin resistance, but whether these levels can predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes is uncertain.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: Physical Activity, Diet, and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Both higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet and more physical activity have been independently associated with lower Alzheimer disease (AD) risk but their combined association has not been investigated.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Decline, ...
Higher adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is linked to lower risk for mortality and chronic diseases, but its association with cognitive decline is unclear.

REVIEW: Sexual Abuse and Lifetime Diagnosis of Somatic Disorders: A Systemati...
Many patients presenting for general medical care have a history of sexual abuse. The literature suggests an association between a history of sexual abuse and somatic sequelae.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: CSF Biomarkers and Incipient Alzheimer Disease in Pati...
Small single-center studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may be useful to identify incipient Alzheimer disease (AD) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but large-scale multicenter studies have not been conducted.

ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION: Relation Between Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Life...
The lifetime risk of heart failure at age 40 years is approximately 1 in 5 in the general population; however, little is known about the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and the remaining lifetime risk of heart failure.

EDITORIAL: Use of Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers: Potentially Yes for Clinical ...


Biomarkers and Aging in the News Media

Low-carb diets 'damage arteries'
Low-carb slimming diets may clog arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes, a study suggests.
Basics: Brain Is a Co-Conspirator in a Vicious Stress Loop
Chronic stress changes the brain, but relaxation can change it back.
Newsweek: MRI test may help assess Alzheimer's risk
Heart Attack Survival Rates Rise
Americans aged 65 and older are becoming more likely to survive the first month after heart attack hospitalization, new research shows.
Cancer Death Rate Is Going Down in U.S.
Death rates from cancer have been decreasing in all age groups in recent years, but the steepest declines have been among younger people, a new study shows.
Gene Cuts Need for Sleep
Researchers have found the first gene linked to sleep behavior. People with the rare gene are truly refreshed by only 6 hours' sleep -- and no naps -- each day.
Sleep Less, Get Diabetes
Sleeping too little for too long raises the risk of diabetes, a University of Chicago study suggests.
Mediterranean Diet Plus Exercise Cuts Alzheimer's Risk
New studies confirm that the Mediterranean diet lowers risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia. A new finding: Exercise adds to this benefit.
Breastfeeding May Cut Breast Cancer Risk
Women with a family history of breast cancer who have ever breastfed reduce their risk of getting premenopausal breast cancer by nearly 60%, according to a new study.
Fat In The Liver -- Not The Belly -- May Be A Better Marker For Disease Risk
New findings from nutrition researchers suggest that it's not whether body fat is stored in the belly that affects metabolic risk factors for diabetes, high blood triglycerides and cardiovascular disease, but whether it collects in the liver.
Cancer's Break-in Tools Possibly Identified: Nematode Worm Provides Model Of ...
A single cell in a one-millimeter nematode worm is providing valuable new clues into cancer's deadliest behavior -- its ability to put down roots in new tissues after spreading throughout the body.
Link Between Erectile Dysfunction And Obesity Explored In Obesity And Weight ...
Obese men are at increased risk for erectile dysfunction, likely caused by atherosclerosis-related hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as well as hormonal changes associated with obesity.
Higher Level Of Testosterone In Women Linked To Choice Of Risky Careers
Higher levels of testosterone are associated with a greater appetite for risk in women. The link between risk aversion and testosterone predicted career choice: individuals who were high in testosterone and low in risk aversion chose riskier careers in finance.
More Obesity Blues: Obese People Are At Greater Risk For Developing Alzheimer...
Researchers have found that obese people had 8 percent less brain tissue than people with normal weight, while overweight people had 4 percent less tissue in their frontal lobes.
Why 'Thick' Blood Protects From A Heart Attack
"Thick" blood can cause heart attack and stroke, but also prevent them. Scientists have explained the mechanism of this clinical paradox for the first time on an animal model. Mice with a greater tendency to form blood clots have larger plaques in their vessels, but they are more stable. Thus, there is less risk that these plaques will rupture and obstruct circulation.
Dementia link to 'mid-life ills'
People who smoke, have high blood pressure or diabetes in mid-life raise their risk of developing dementia, experts say.
Vital Signs: Mildly High Cholesterol at Midlife Linked to Alzheimer's
Even a slight elevation in cholesterol levels in a person's 40s raised the risk of dementia decades later.
Well: Divorce, It Seems, Can Make You Ill
Even remarriage can't relieve all the stress of a marital loss.
Really?: The Claim: Cold Temperatures Improve Sleep
Does sleeping in a colder room help you sleep?
Studies Find Low Vitamin D Levels, Risk of Diseases in Children
Millions of U.S. children have disturbingly low Vitamin D levels, possibly increasing their risk for bone problems, heart disease, diabetes and other ailments, according to two new studies that provide the first national assessment of the crucial nutrient in young Americans.
Flustered Rats Stuck in a Rut
Chronic stress makes rodents bad decision-makers
Mental Stimulation From Puzzles, Games May Delay Memory Loss
A recent study finds that increased participation in activities that stimulate the brain may delay onset of dementia-related memory decline in older seniors.
Social Stress Linked To Harmful Fat Deposits, Heart Disease
A new study shows that social stress could be an important precursor to heart disease by causing the body to deposit more fat in the abdominal cavity, speeding the harmful buildup of plaque in blood vessels, a stepping stone to the No. 1 cause of death in the world.
Twin Study Examines Associations Between Depression And Coronary Artery Disease
Major depression and coronary artery disease are only modestly related throughout an individual's lifetime, but studying how the two interact over time and in twin pairs paints a more complex picture of the associations between the conditions, according to a new report. For example, the association between coronary artery disease onset and major depression risk is much stronger over time than vice versa.


NIH Press Releases


Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., Sworn in as NIH Director
Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., today became the 16th director of the National Institutes of Health. He was nominated to lead the NIH, the nation's premiere biomedical research agency, by President Barack Obama on July 8, and was unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 7.

Hormone Cycling Found to Affect Gene Activity
Intermittent signaling by steroid hormones can affect the way genes are expressed in rodents, according to research by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, and the Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Bristol, England.

Imitation Promotes Social Bonding in Primates
Imitation, the old saying goes, is the sincerest form of flattery. It also appears to be an ancient interpersonal mechanism that promotes social bonding and, presumably, sets the stage for relative strangers to coalesce into groups of friends, according to a study by a team of scientists at the National Institutes of Health and two Italian research institutions.

Gene Therapy One Year Later: Patients Healthy and Maintain Early Visual Impro...
Three young adults who received gene therapy for a blinding eye condition remained healthy and maintained previous visual gains one year later, according to an August online report in Human Gene Therapy. One patient also noticed a visual improvement that helped her perform daily tasks, which scientists describe in an Aug. 13 letter to the editor in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Risk of Pancreatic Cancer Linked to Variation in Gene that Determines Blood Type
Common variants of the gene that determines human blood type are associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, according to a study by scientists at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, and colleagues from many universities and research institutions. The study, published online Aug. 2, 2009, in Nature Genetics, is consistent with an observation first made more than 50 years ago.

NIH Study Finds Low Short-term Risks After Bariatric Surgery for Extreme Obesity
Short-term complications and death rates were low following bariatric surgery to limit the amount of food that can enter the stomach, decrease absorption of food or both, according to the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS-1). The study was funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. Results are reported in the July 30 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

Sun Exposure May Trigger Certain Autoimmune Diseases in Women
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight may be associated with the development of certain autoimmune diseases, particularly in women, according to a study by researchers at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), part of the National Institutes of Health.


NIH Announcements

NIA Intervention Testing Program Solicits Proposals for Compounds to Test for Anti-Aging Activity in Mice
NOT-AG-09-007 Receipt for Proposals: December 18, 2009 
Effects of Gene-Social Environment Interplay on Health and Behavior in Later Life (R01)
RFA-AG-10-006    Expiration date: 2009/11/10
Healthy Aging through Behavioral Economic Analyses of Situations (R01) 
RFA-AG-10-008  Expiration date: 2009/11/03
Network Infrastructure Support for Emerging Behavioral and Social Research Areas in Aging (R24)
PAR-09-233    Expiration date: 2010/09/28
Exploratory Innovations in Biomedical Computational Science and Technology (R21)
PAR-09-219  Expiration date: 2012/09/08
Administrative Supplements for Pilot Studies on Health Span Measurements in Mice
AG-09-006    Expiration date: 2009/09/02
Awards to Support Research on the Biology of Aging in Invertebrates (R01)
RFA-AG-10-004  Expiration date: 2009/10/31
Building Interdisciplinary Research Careers in Women’s Health (K12)
RFA-OD-09-006  Expiration date: 2009/10/23
The Human Connectome Project (U54)
RFA-MH-10-020  Expiration date: 2009/11/25
Development and Validation of Disease Biomarkers (R01)
(PA-09-204)
Identification and Characterization of Sensitive Periods for Neurodevelopment...
Request for Applications from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts

Innovations in Biomedical Computational Science and Technology (R01)
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Innovations in Biomedical Computational Science and Technology Initiative (SB...
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Innovations in Biomedical Computational Science and Technology Initiative (ST...
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Nutrition and Physical Activity Research to Promote Cardiovascular and Pulmon...
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Nutrition and Physical Activity Research to Promote Cardiovascular and Pulmon...
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts



Events

Gerontological Society of America Annual meeting will be held November 18-22, 2009 in Hilton and Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA

2010 Population Association of America Annual meeting will be held April 15-17 at the Hyatt Regency Dallas, TX

The 22nd REVES meeting on health expectancy will be held in La Habana, Cuba, from May 19th to May 21st 2010

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This Newsletter  is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (Grant No. 5 P30 AG012857)

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