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CCBAR Newsletter – July-August, 2007

Editors:  Natalia Gavrilova and Stacy Tessler Lindau

CCBAR News

The 5th Annual Interdisciplinary Biomeasures Workshop held in Chicago in June 2007 was a success.  There were more than eighty participants from   seven countries. Presentations covered various aspects of biomeasures collection and data analysis. For more information on Workshop please visit CCBAR website at: http://biomarkers.uchicago.edu/ChicagoBiomarkerWorkshop2007.html.  Please contact Karl Mendoza: kmendoza@babies.bsd.uchicago.edu or 773-834-4832 for more information.

News From the Nature Journals, Science, BMJ and PNAS

A step forward for restless legs syndrome
Two genome-wide association studies report three loci predisposing to restless legs syndrome, a common sleep disorder also associated with periodic limb movements during sleep. The identified variants account for a large portion of population-attributable risk in individuals of European ancestry and may preferentially affect various symptoms of the disorder.

 Cardiac aid to the injured but not the elderly?
A genetic lineage-tracing study provides evidence that adult progenitor cells repopulate the cardiomyocyte pool in diseased hearts, but not during normal aging. These stem cells could become the basis for innovative ways to treat or prevent heart failure.

[Medical_Sciences] Telomere length is paternally inherited and is associated ...
Telomere length (TL) is emerging as a biomarker for aging and survival. To evaluate factors influencing this trait, we measured...

[Neuroscience] From the Cover: Behavioral improvement in a primate Parkinson'...
Stem cells have been widely assumed to be capable of replacing lost or damaged cells in a number of diseases,...

[Evolution] Chimpanzees are vengeful but not spiteful
People are willing to punish others at a personal cost, and this apparently antisocial tendency can stabilize cooperation. What motivates...

[Evolution] From the Cover: Natural polymorphism affecting learning and memor...
Knowing which genes contribute to natural variation in learning and memory would help us understand how differences in these cognitive...

[Perspective] The new mutation theory of phenotypic evolution
Recent studies of developmental biology have shown that the genes controlling phenotypic characters expressed in the early stage of development...

[Evolution] Social control of brain morphology in a eusocial mammal
Social status impacts reproductive behavior in diverse vertebrate species, but little is known about how it affects brain morphology. We...

[Evolution] Quantifying fitness distributions and phenotypic relationships in...
Studies of the role of sex in evolution typically involve a longitudinal comparison of a single ancestor to several intermediate...

[Neuroscience] Photoperiod reverses the effects of estrogens on male aggressi...
Despite recent discoveries of the specific contributions of genes to behavior, the molecular mechanisms mediating contributions of the environment are...

[NEWS FOCUS] PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Food for Thought
Did the first cooked meals help fuel the dramatic evolutionary expansion of the human brain?

[REPORTS] A Common Allele on Chromosome 9 Associated with Coronary Heart Disease
About one of every four Caucasians carry a sequence variation at a regulatory region of chromosome 9 that confers an elevated risk of heart disease.


Biomarkers and Aging in the News Media

Diabetes problems 'vitamin link'
A simple vitamin deficiency may be the cause of many of the side effects of diabetes, a study suggests.
Sexual problems of long-term cancer survivors merit more attention
The first study to look at sexual function in very long-term female survivors of genital-tract cancer found that these women were pleased with the quality of their cancer care but less satisfied with the emotional support and information they received about dealing with the effects of the disease and treatment on sexuality.
Managing stress cuts stroke risk
Coping well with stress can cut the risk of a stroke by almost a quarter, research shows.
Obesity 'linked to birth defects'
Women who are obese are at a higher risk of conceiving a child with birth defects, a US study says.
Metabolic syndrome in kids ups adult heart risk
Adults who had so-called metabolic syndrome when they were children have a substantially increased risk of having heart disease in their 30s, researchers report.
Caffeine May Help Women's Memory
Drinking 3 or more daily cups of tea or coffee may help women age 65 and older retain their memory, a French study shows.
Humor Hampered By Aging Brain?
Age-related brain changes may make it harder for older adults to understand humor, a new study shows.
Smart, curious, ticklish. rats?
A host of new behavioral studies makes plain that the similarities between us and Rattus extend far beyond gross anatomy.
Turning on the Female Brain
New work in mice suggests a simple genetic switch is all that separates male and female behavior
Acid Blockers Linked to Mental Decline
Long-term use of H2 blockers, including Axid, Pepcid, Tagamet, and Zantac, may up the risk of mental decline in later life, a study shows.
No-sex therapy 'not working'
Sex abstinence programmes do not stop risky sexual behaviour or stop unwanted pregnancy, a study says.
Keeping Aging Eyes In Focus
Saving your sight from the side effects of aging is not just about needing stronger glasses. As Dr. Jon LaPook reports, new screening guidelines are out today to detect age-related eye diseases.
Benefits of tomatoes still bountiful
If you consider eating tomatoes a delicious way to prevent cancer, a recent study may have been a shock. Lycopene, a compound found in tomatoes, is widely touted as a protector against cancer, particularly prostate cancer. The study found that higher blood levels of lycopene were not linked with reduced risk of prostate cancer.
Some antidepressants may bode ill for bone density
Two new studies have found that the use of the antidepressants called SSRIs is associated with an increased rate of bone density loss in older people.
Exercise And Mental Stimulation Both Boost Mouse Memory Late In Life
Physical exercise is known to be good for the aging brain, but what about mental stimulation? Does enrichment that helps older people work well for the young and middle-aged, or do they need something else? A new article tells how, in an animal experiment, older adults appear to benefit from either or both mental and physical enrichment. For the young and middle-aged, exercise is key.
Disparities In Infant Mortality Not Related To Race, Study Finds
The cause of low birthweights among African-American women has more to do with racism than with race, according to a new article. The researchers spoke with black women who had babies with normal weights at birth, comparing them with black women whose babies' birth weight was very low -- under three pounds. They asked the mothers if they had ever been treated unfairly because of their race when looking for a job, in an educational setting or in other situations. Those who felt discriminated again...
Race Plays A Role In Disability In Older Adults With Arthritis
A new study examined the rates at which different racial groups develop disability, how differences between groups can be accounted for, and the significant risk factors that predict the development of disability among older adults with arthritis.
Low cholesterol 'link' to cancer
People who significantly cut their cholesterol levels with statins may raise the risk of cancer, a study says.
No safe haven: Diet sodas linked with health risks
Sodas -- even diet ones -- may be linked with increased risk factors for heart disease and diabetes, U.S. researchers said on Monday.
How Healthy Living Helps Longevity
Exercise and a healthy diet may boost longevity by keeping the brain sensitive to insulin, report researchers at Children's Hospital Boston.
Medical illiteracy deadly for older people
Plenty of evidence suggests that having trouble understanding medical information is bad for your health. Now new research says it could even be deadly.
Vital Signs: Aging: Having Moles May Mean Younger Skin Cells
A new study suggests that the cells of people with many moles may age more slowly than those of people with fewer moles.
HRT may prevent heart symptoms in younger women
Younger women who start taking estrogen as soon as they enter menopause may be protected from heart disease, researchers said on Wednesday.
Breast Cancer Genes Can Come From Father
A deadly gene's path can hide in a family tree when a woman has few aunts and older sisters, making it appear that her breast cancer struck out of nowhere when it really came from Dad....
Mortality rate for female diabetics rises
Medicine has made life-saving advances in treating and preventing heart disease, the major killer of people with diabetes, yet female diabetics are dying at higher rates than three decades ago, researchers reported this week.
Alcohol May Cut Some Arthritis Risk
Consuming three or more alcoholic beverages per week may reduce the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a study shows.
Stress, depression may hike memory issues
People who are often stressed out or depressed are far more likely to develop memory problems than those with sunnier dispositions, U.S. researchers said on Monday in a finding that sheds light on early predictors of Alzheimer's disease.
Physicist Cracks Women's Random But Always Lucky Choice Of X Chromosome
A physicist has uncovered how female cells are able to choose randomly between their two X chromosomes and why that choice is always lucky. Human males have both a X and a Y chromosome but females have two X chromosomes. This means that in an early stage in the development of a woman's fertilised egg the cells need to silence one of those two X chromosomes. This process is crucial to survival and problems with the process are related to serious genetic diseases.


NIH Press Releases

New NIA Online Publication Features Health and Retirement Study - August 2, 2007
A comprehensive new publication, Growing Older in America.

Independent Panel Evaluates Potential Health Risks of Bisphenol A ...
An independent panel of scientists convened by the Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR) of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) will review recent scientific data and expects to reach conclusions regarding whether or not exposure to a widely used chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA) is hazardous to human development or reproduction. The NTP is located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, at the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), one of the National Institutes of Health.

New NIH-Supported Study Characterizes Social Networks of Family, Friends Infl...
People wondering about excessive weight gain might look to their relationships with family and friends for one clue, suggests new research reported July 26, 2007, in The New England Journal of Medicine. The study showed that obesity spreads within social networks and that the closer the social connection - even if people live in different households many miles apart - the greater the influence on developing obesity. The study, funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is the first to provide a detailed picture of the social networks involved in obesity and could prove useful in developing both clinical and public health interventions for obesity.

Framingham Observational Study Notes Greater Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome ...
Middle-aged adults who drank more than one soft drink daily, either diet or regular, have a more than 40 percent greater rate of either having or developing metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk for heart disease, according to new data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health.

Ability to Listen to Two Things at Once Is Largely Inherited, Says Twin Study...
Your ability to listen to a phone message in one ear while a friend is talking into your other ear - and comprehend what both are saying - is an important communication skill that's heavily influenced by your genes, say researchers of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), one of the National Institutes of Health.

Increase in Percentage of Children Living With One or Two Working Parents, Pe...
Compared to national statistics for the previous year, there has been an increase in the percentage of children living with at least one working parent and the percentage of children living in households classified as food insecure has declined. High school students were more likely to have taken advanced academic courses and the percentage of young adults who completed high school has increased. The adolescent birth rate has dropped to a record low.

WHI Study of Younger Postmenopausal Women Links Estrogen Therapy to Less Plaq...
New results from a substudy of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Estrogen-Alone Trial show that younger postmenopausal women who take estrogen-alone hormone therapy have significantly less buildup of calcium plaque in their arteries compared to their peers who did not take hormone therapy. Coronary artery calcium is considered a marker for future risk of coronary artery disease.

Study Finds Mix of Disease Processes at Work in Brains of Most People with De...
Few older people die with brains untouched by a pathological process, however, an individual's likelihood of having clinical signs of dementia increases with the number of different disease processes present in the brain, according to a new study. The research was funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), part of the National Institutes of Health, and conducted at the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. Julie Schneider, M.D., and colleagues report the findings in the journal Neurology online today.

Early Results from Alzheimer's Neuroimaging Biomarker Project Show Promise fo...
Alzheimer's disease researchers may be able to reduce the time and expense associated with clinical trials, according to early results from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), a public-private research partnership organized by the National Institutes of Health. Preliminary results from ADNI show how it might yield improved methods and uniform standards for imaging and biomarker analysis, so these techniques can be employed in the fight against Alzheimer's disease.

NIH Announcements

Harmonization of Longitudinal Cross-National Surveys of Aging (R21)
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Advancing Novel Science in Women s Health Research (ANSWHR) [R21]
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Advancing Novel Science in Women s Health Research (ANSWHR) (R03)
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts

Diet Composition and Energy Balance (R01)
Research on Ethical Issues in Human Subjects Research (R01)
Brain Disorders in the Developing World: Research Across the Lifespan (R01)
Research on the Economics of Diet, Activity, and Energy Balance (R01)
Research on Sleep and Sleep Disorders (R01)

Events

NIH videocast
Understanding Cultural and Ethnic Influences on Mental Health: Data from the ...
The NIMH Mental Health Disparities Team (MHDT) is pleased to announce the second presentation in the Mental Health Disparities Speaker Series. Drs. Margarita Alegria, James S. Jackson and David T. Takeuchi will present findings from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Studies (CPES). This collaborative effort, which includes the National Survey of American Lives (NSAL) and the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) as well as the National Comorbidity Survey

Cancer and Inflammation Seminar, October 9-10, 2007. Masur Auditorium, Blg 10, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

The Gerontological Society of America’s 60th Annual Scientific Meeting "The Era of Global Aging: Challenges and Opportunities"
November 16-20, 2007. San Francisco, United States

Living to 100: Survival to Advanced Ages International Seminar,  January 8-9, 2008.  Hilton in the Walt Disney World Resort, Lake Buena Vista, FL

Association for Gerontology in Higher Education Annual Meeting,  February 21-24, 2008. Baltimore, USA
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This Newsletter  is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (Grant No. 5 P30 AG012857)