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CCBAR Newsletter – June, 2009

Editors:  Natalia Gavrilova and Stacy Tessler Lindau

CCBAR News

An updated version of the Proceedings of the 2008 CCBAR, NIA, and Centers on Aging Biomarker Network Biodemography Focus Session are available online.  Please visit CCBAR website at http://biomarkers.uchicago.edu/workshopproceedings.htm

A member of CCBAR, Dr. Natalia Gavrilova, participated in the 2009 REVES meeting "Reducing the gaps in health expectancy" (May 26-29, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark). The meeting had several presentations on the links between biomarkers and health. In particular, Dr. Shkolnikov presented results from the Stress, Aging and Health in Russia (SAHR) study on the grip strength and mortality. More information about the meeting can be found at the following URL: http://reves.site.ined.fr/en/previous_meetings/previous_meetings/2009_copenhagen_denmark/

 

News From the NEJM, Nature Journals, Science, BMJ and PNAS

EDITORIAL: Diabetes with Coronary Disease -- A Moving Target amid Evolving Th...
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising at an alarming rate and is projected to more than double by 2030.1 The disease currently afflicts 171 million people worldwide, with 23.6 ...

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Age, Neuropathology, and Dementia

In this longitudinal study of cognitive function and aging, which included 456 participants who agreed to post-mortem brain examination and died between 69 and 103 years of age, the relationship between the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease and clinical dementia at the time of death was attenuated in the oldest old persons. For example, the odds ratio for the association between dementia and neocortical neuritic plaques was 8.6 at 75 years of age but only 2.5 at 95 years of age.

EDITORIAL: Cool with Plaques and Tangles

Survivors to the age of 95 years are a select and hardy few. At current mortality rates, only about 8% of persons will live to the age of 95, and ...

Coordinating Response to Stress
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) (a protein deacetylase implicated in aging), senses the metabolic state of the cell and modulates the activity of substrate proteins that in turn regulate cellular transcriptional responses.


[Perspective] Anthropology: On Becoming Modern
Human social evolution is determined by demography.


[Report] Late Pleistocene Demography and the Appearance of Modern Human Behavior
Population size and migration account for modern human behavior appearing in Africa about 90,000 years ago but much later across Europe.


[Neuroscience] Anterior cingulate cortex hypoactivations to an emotionally sa...

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) hypoactivations during cognitive processing characterize drug addicted individuals as compared with healthy controls. However, impaired behavioral...


[Economic_Sciences] A randomized trial of the effect of estrogen and testoste... 
Existing correlative evidence suggests that sex hormones may affect economic behavior such as risk taking and reciprocal fairness. To test...


[Neuroscience] Distinct patterns of brain activity in young carriers of the A...
The APOE 4 allele is a risk factor for late-life pathological changes that is also associated with anatomical and functional...

[Psychology] Childhood poverty, chronic stress, and adult working memory
The income–achievement gap is a formidable societal problem, but little is known about either neurocognitive or biological mechanisms that might...

[Neuroscience] Pupillometric and behavioral markers of a developmental shift ...
The capacity to anticipate and prepare for future events is thought to be critical for cognitive control. Dominant accounts of...

[Perspective] Cell Biology: Hypoxic Hookup
The range of protective effects that a sirtuin deacetylase affords to cells and organisms under stressful conditions continues to grow.


Biomarkers and Aging in the News Media


Recession 'keeps smokers puffing'
Many smokers are too stressed by the hard economic times to attempt to give up their habit, research suggests.
Vital Signs: Children: Self-Control Presages Math Gains in Young
A simple behavioral test for children entering kindergarten can predict future mathematics skills, researchers say.
Volunteers in a 50-year-long study provide invaluable data on the aging process
Every year hundreds of people travel to Baltimore for an unusual purpose. They are not here to tour the city's aquarium or sample its fabled blue crabs. They are not in search of fame or money. Other than free lodging, they receive nothing in exchange for their visit, which entails a certain amou...
Genes Affect Blood Pressure Risk
Genes may help explain why some people are more or less susceptible to the negative effects of drinking, smoking, or lack of exercise on their blood pressure.
Melatonin: The Fountain Of Youth?
Melatonin can slow down the effects of aging. Scientists have found that a treatment based on melatonin can delay the first signs of aging in a small mammal.

Fish oil, vitamin D to be scrutinized in big study
Two of the most popular supplements, vitamin D and fish oil, will be tested in a government-sponsored study to see whether either lower the risk cancer, heart disease or having a stroke.
4 Factors That Increase Odds of Heart Failure
Smoking, high blood pressure, excess weight, and diabetes are major risk factors for increasing the size of the heart's left ventricle, a new study shows.
Lipoprotein(a) Linked to Heart Attacks
Genetic testing confirms that high levels of a type of cholesterol known as lipoprotein(a) are associated with an increased risk for heart attacks, but the clinical implications of the finding are unclear.
Breastfeeding Cuts Metabolic Syndrome
Women who breastfeed their babies may be less likely to develop metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors that makes heart disease and diabetes more likely, a study shows.
Ear Wax, Body Odor: Breast Cancer Link?
A variation in a gene already associated with breast cancer risk is also linked with especially unpleasant underarm body odor and wet ear wax, according to a team of Japanese scientists.
Researchers Shed Light On Trading Behavior In Animals -- And Humans
Scientists conducted a study to see if chimpanzees spontaneously bartered foods among each other, using tokens which represented those foods. While results indicated that the animals were cognitively able to understand trade, without enforcement from human experimenters, trade disappeared.
How Obesity Increases The Risk For Diabetes
Obesity is probably the most important factor in the development of insulin resistance, but science's understanding of the chain of events is still spotty. Now, researchers have filled in the gap and identified the missing link between the two. Their findings explain how obesity sets the stage for diabetes and why thin people can become insulin resistant.
Experts reveal best ways to save an aging brain
Want to keep your wits sharp as the years go by? You're not alone. Most people are worried about losing their memory as they age, and a new study shows it's a valid concern: In fact, at 53 percent -- more than half of all people -- have at least a minor mental decline in their 70s and 80s, and about 16 percent develop more serious problems with memory and other mental functions as they age.
Hormones Raise Risk of Lung Cancer Death
The hormone replacement therapy taken by millions of women to relieve hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause may raise the risk of dying from lung cancer, researchers say.
Underweight Americans Risk Dementia Down The Road
New findings suggest there are negative consequences to being excessively slender -- one of which is dementia. According to Dr. Michael Freedman of the NYU Langone Medical Center, dementia, which is a precursor to Alzheimer's disease, not only causes a loss of memory, but a loss of appetite.


NIH Press Releases

Delay in Diagnosis of Menopause-like Condition in Young Women Linked to Low B...
Women and young girls who experience delays in diagnosing a premature, menopause-like condition face increased risk of low bone density, according to new research by scientists at the National Institutes of Health. A delay in diagnosing the condition, called primary ovarian insufficiency, may make women more susceptible to osteoporosis and fractures later in life, the researchers concluded.

NIDA Study Shows School-Based Prevention Program Reduces Problem Behaviors in...
A study suggests that school-based prevention programs begun in elementary school can significantly reduce problem behaviors in students. Fifth graders who previously participated in a comprehensive interactive school prevention program for one to four years were about half as likely to engage in substance abuse, violent behavior, or sexual activity as those who did not take part in the program. The study, supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a component of the National Institutes of Health, will appear in the August 2009 print issue of the American Journal of Public Health. The online version of the article is viewable today.

Much Touted "Depression Risk Gene" May Not Add to Risk After All
Stressful life events are strongly associated with a person's risk for major depression, but a certain gene variation long thought to increase risk in conjunction with stressful life events actually may have no effect, according to researchers funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the National Institutes of Health. The study, published in the June 17, 2009, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, challenges a widely accepted approach to studying risk factors for depression.

As College Drinking Problems Rise, New Studies Identify Effective Prevention ...
Alcohol-related deaths among U.S. college students rose from 1,440 deaths in 1998 to 1,825 in 2005, along with increases in heavy drinking and drunk driving, according to an article in the July supplement of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. The special issue describes the results of a broad array of research-based programs to reduce and prevent alcohol-related problems at campuses across the country. These studies resulted from the Rapid Response to College Drinking Problems Initiative, a grant program supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), part of the National Institutes of Health.

Cancer Immunotherapy Can Use Small Numbers of Stem-Like Immune Cells to Destr...
A new approach to stimulating immune cells enhances their anticancer activity, resulting in a powerful anti-tumor response in mice, according to a study by researchers at the National Cancer Institute, a part of the National Institutes of Health. This work represents an important advance in the development of immunotherapy for cancer and appears online June 14, 2009 in Nature Medicine.

NIH Researchers Discover How Prion Protein Damages Brain Cells
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health have gained a major insight into how the rogue protein responsible for mad cow disease and related neurological illnesses destroys healthy brain tissue.

NHLBI Funds Research and Training Centers Aimed at Prevention and Treatment o...
A worldwide network of research and training centers will build institutional and community capacity to prevent and control chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular, lung diseases, and diabetes, announced the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Genetic Variant Associated with Resistance to Chemotherapy Drug in Women with...
Researchers have found links between an individual's genetics and their response to treatment with chemotherapy. The findings, by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, and colleagues, show how a genetic variant, located in the SOD2 gene, may affect how a person responds to the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide is used in the treatment of breast and other cancers.

Optimal Medical Therapy As Beneficial As Elective Revascularization Procedure...
Optimal medical therapy for patients with diabetes and stable coronary heart disease is equally effective at lowering the risk of death, heart attack, and stroke as prompt revascularization procedures with either coronary bypass surgery or angioplasty, according to results from an international multicenter clinical trial supported by the National Institutes of Health. Optimal medical therapy includes intensive drug therapy and lifestyle interventions, such as dietary changes and smoking cessation.



NIH Announcements

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Hematopoietic Malignancies (R01)
(PA-09-197)
National Cancer Institute
Biomarkers for Early Detection of Hematopoietic Malignancies (R21)
(PA-09-198)
National Cancer Institute
Development and Validation of Disease Biomarkers (R01)
(PA-09-204)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
National Institute of Nursing Research
Office of Dietary Supplements
Identification and Characterization of Sensitive Periods for Neurodevelopment...
Request for Applications from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts

Recovery Act Limited Competition: Academic Research Enhancement Award (R15)
Request for Applications from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Recovery Act 2009 Limited Competition: Enabling National Networking of Scient...
Request for Applications from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Recovery Act Limited Competition: Supporting New Faculty Recruitment to Enhan...
Request for Applications from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Novel statistical methods for human gene expression quantitative trait loci (...
Request for Applications from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Clinical Research Curriculum Award (K30)
Request for Applications from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Exploratory/Developmental Clinical Research Grants in Obesity (R21)
Program Announcement from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts

Request for Information (RFI): Priorities for Biomarkers For Cancer Detection...
Notice from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts



Events


The 19th IAGG World Congress of Gerontology and Geriatrics. July 5-10, 2009. Paris, France

RAND Summer Institute (RSI). RSI consists of two annual conferences that address critical issues facing our aging population. The MiniMedical School for Social Scientists will be held on July 6-7, and the Demography, Economics, and Epidemiology of Aging conference on July 8-9, 2009 in Santa Monica, CA. RSI is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging and the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health.

ICPSR Summer Program Workshop In Longitudinal Analysis Of Historical Demographic Data. July 20 - August 14, 2009. Ann Arbor, Michigan

Gerontological Society of America Annual meeting will be held November 18-22, 2009 in Hilton and Marriott Marquis, Atlanta, GA

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This Newsletter  is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (Grant No. 5 P30 AG012857)

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