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CCBAR Newsletter – May, 2007

Editors:  Natalia Gavrilova and Stacy Tessler Lindau

CCBAR News

The proceedings for the 4th Annual Biomeasures Workshop (2006) are now published.  Please visit  CCBAR website at    http://biomarkers.uchicago.edu/workshopproceedings.htm   to download the online version. 

The 5th Annual Interdisciplinary Biomeasures Workshop (and first-ever international gathering) will be held in Chicago, June 14-15, 2007.  For Workshop agenda please visit CCBAR website at: http://biomarkers.uchicago.edu/Agenda-2007.html.  Please contact Karl Mendoza: kmendoza@babies.bsd.uchicago.edu or 773-834-4832 for more information.

News From the Nature Journals, Science, BMJ and PNAS

Shaping the future of biomarker research

Single stress shortens survival

[Evolution] Evolutionary dynamics of olfactory receptor genes in Drosophila s... 
Olfactory receptor (OR) genes are of vital importance for animals to find food, identify mates, and avoid dangers. In mammals,...

[Evolution] Vitellogenin, juvenile hormone, insulin signaling, and queen hone...
In most animals, longevity is achieved at the expense of fertility, but queen honey bees do not show this tradeoff....

[Evolution] Reevolution of sexuality breaks Dollo's law
The dominance of sexual reproduction is still an unresolved enigma in evolutionary biology. Strong advantages of sex have to exist,...

[PERSPECTIVES] EVOLUTION: Aging and Sexual Conflict 
Aging of male organisms and of their sperm reduces fertility and embryo viability, leading to evolutionary conflict between the sexes.

[Anthropology-BS] Ethnobotanical knowledge is associated with indices of chil...
Culture is a critical determinant of human behavior and health, and the intergenerational transmission of knowledge regarding the use of...

[Neuroscience] A cortical potential reflecting cardiac function
Emotional trauma and psychological stress can precipitate cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death through arrhythmogenic effects of efferent sympathetic drive. Patients...

[Neuroscience] Social concepts are represented in the superior anterior tempo...
Social concepts such as "tactless" or "honorable" enable us to describe our own as well as others' social behaviors. The...

[Neuroscience] Behavioral changes induced by Toxoplasma infection of rodents ...
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii blocks the innate aversion of rats for cat urine, instead producing an attraction to the...

[Evolution] Group selection and kin selection: Two concepts but one process
In a recent paper, Traulsen and Nowak use a multilevel selection model to show that cooperation can be favored by...


Biomarkers and Aging in the News Media

Study: Hormones May Ward Off Dementia
New research suggests that hormone therapy taken soon after menopause may help protect against the mental decline of dementia, even though it raises that risk in elderly women....
U.S. Infant Mortality Rate Twice as High for Blacks
While the infant mortality rate in the United States continues to hold steady, significant racial and ethnic differences persist, a new federal study found.
Genetic patterns double heart risk
Large studies link variants to coronary disease and attacks . Researchers have identified genetic patterns that double the chance of having a heart attack and drastically increase the likelihood of suffering from heart disease, the leading cause of death in the United States.
Gene links longevity and diet, scientists say
Roundworms may hold the key to the secret of longer human life.
Cutting salt 'reduces heart risk'
Scientists provide hard evidence that eating less salt can cut the risk of cardiovascular disease by a quarter.
Why alcohol boosts breast cancer risk: study
A study in mice shows that moderate alcohol consumption stimulates the growth and progression of breast cancer by fueling the development of new blood vessels -- a process called "angiogenesis." It does this by boosting expression of a key growth factor known as vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF. 
New diabetes genetic risk factors found
Scientists have found clusters of new gene variants that raise the risk of Type 2 diabetes and how the researchers did it is ... 
Meat can be murder on long-term health
 You don't necessarily have to become a vegetarian to experience health benefits such as a lower risk of heart disease and certain cancers. Just try eating less meat rather than giving it up altogether.
Aspirin May Not Help Aging Brain
Low-dose aspirin may not help women aged 65 and older keep their brains sharp as they age, researchers report in BMJ.
Genes, Lifestyle Affect Aging Eyes
Your genes and lifestyle may affect your odds of developing macular degeneration, a new study shows.
HPV Virus in Men
HPV virus in men can cause health problems, too. So it's important for men to understand how to reduce the risks of HPV infection.
Moderate Coffee Drinking Reduces Many Risks, Panel Says
Coffee is among the most widely consumed beverages in the world, and a recent expert panel says that the preponderance of scientific evidence suggests that moderate coffee consumption (3-5 cups per day) may be associated with reduced risk of certain disease conditions, such as Parkinson's disease. Some research in neuropharamacology suggests that one cup of coffee can halve the risk of Parkinson's disease. Other studies have found it reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease, kidney stones, gallst...
Modern life puts stress on heart
The stress of everyday life threatens to fuel an epidemic of cardiovascular disease, a report warns.
HRT linked to ovarian cancer risk
A large UK study has found using HRT significantly increases the risk of women developing ovarian cancer.
Tea 'could cut skin cancer risk'
Drinking just two cups of tea per day could cut the risk of developing skin cancer, a study suggests.
Brain structure changes precede impaired cognition
In normal older individuals, MRI of the brain reveals loss of gray matter about four years before symptoms of mild cognitive impairment set in, according to results of a study reported in the medical journal Neurology.
Study: Whole-Grain Oats Cut Cholesterol
Eating a diet rich in whole-grain oats may help lower cholesterol in people at risk for heart disease, an analysis shows.
Aspirin May Protect Against Cancer
Already known to protect against heart disease, the popular painkiller also appears to lower a woman's risk of developing or dying from cancer, a new study shows.
Breastfeeding May Cut Breast Cancer Risk
Breastfeeding can offset the increased risk of breast cancer faced by women who have their first baby after they turn 25, new research suggests.
Fruits, Veggies May Cut Cancer Risks
New studies are providing additional evidence that eating fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of cancer.
Pas de deux of sexuality is written in the genes
When it comes to the matter of desire, evolution leaves little to chance. Human sexual behavior is not a free-form performance, biologists are finding, but is guided at every turn by genetic programs.
Personal Health: A Lively Libido Isn't Reserved for the Young
It is rarely age per se that accounts for declines in libido among those in the second half-century of life. Rather, it can be any of a dozen or more factors more common in older people that account for the changes.
Dogs Lived 1.8 Years Longer On Low Calorie Diet: Gut Flora May Explain It
Changes caused to bugs in the gut by restricting calorie intake may partly explain why dietary restriction can extend lifespan, according to new analysis from a life-long project looking at the effects of dietary restriction on Labrador Retriever dogs.
Drinking Heavily In College May Lead To Heart Disease Later In Life
College-age students who drink heavily may increase their risk for future heart disease, report medical researchers.
Hormones Can Raise Breast Cancer Risk
New Government Research Finds Menopause Hormones Can Raise the Risk of Breast Cancer
'Good' Bacteria Could Keep Skin Looking Young
There's no shortage of products out there that promise to keep you looking young. The newest contain an unusual ingredient that may fight aging. The question is -- do they work? CBS 2 Medical Editor Mary Ann Childers reports.

NIH Press Releases

Study to Probe How Healthy Younger Adults Make Use of Genetic Tests - May 3, ...
The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), parts of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), have teamed with Group Health Cooperative in Seattle and Henry Ford Health System in Detroit to launch a study to investigate the interest level of healthy, young adults in receiving genetic testing for eight common conditions. Called the Multiplex Initiative, the study will also look at how people who decide to take the tests will interpret and use the results in making their own health care decisions in the future.

Cortex Area Thinner in Youth with Alzheimer's-Related Gene - April 23, 2007
A part of the brain first affected by Alzheimer's disease (http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/) is thinner in youth with a risk gene for the disorder, a brain imaging study by researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has found. A thinner entorhinal cortex, a structure in the lower middle part of the brain's outer mantle, may render these youth more susceptible to degenerative changes and mental decline later in life, propose Drs. Philip Shaw, Judith Rapoport, Jay Giedd, and NIMH and McGill University colleagues.

Reducing Sodium Decreases Long-Term Risk for Cardiovascular Disease - April 2...
Reducing sodium intake not only prevents high blood pressure, but also prevents heart disease, according to new clinical trial data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Men and women with pre-hypertension who reduced their sodium intake by 25 to 35 percent had a 25 percent lower risk of total cardiovascular disease over the 10 to 15 years after they reduced their sodium intake.

Decrease in Breast Cancer Rates Related to Reduction in Use of Hormone Replac...
The sharp decline in the rate of new breast cancer cases in 2003 may be related to a national decline in the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), according to a new report in the April 19, 2007, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine. The report used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health.

NHLBI Study: Having Elevated Risk Factors in Young Adulthood Significantly Ra...
Having above optimal levels of risk factors for heart disease between the ages of 18 and 30 can mean a two to three times greater risk of later developing coronary calcium, a strong predictor of heart disease, according to results of a new study from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health.

Salivary Diagnostic Device Shows Promise - April 11, 2007
Researchers supported by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), part of the National Institutes of Health, have engineered a portable, phone-sized test that in minutes measures proteins in saliva that may indicate a developing disease in the mouth or possibly elsewhere in the body.

Tai Chi Boosts Immunity to Shingles Virus in Older Adults, NIH-Sponsored Stud...
Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese form of exercise, may help older adults avoid getting shingles by increasing immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and boosting the immune response to varicella vaccine in older adults, according to a new study published in print this week in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. This National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded study is the first rigorous clinical trial to suggest that a behavioral intervention, alone or in combination with a vaccine, can help protect older adults from VZV, which causes both chickenpox and shingles.

NIH Announcements

Request for Information (RFI): Childhood Cancer Biospecimens for the Childhoo...
Notice from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Exploratory Cancer Prevention Studies Involving Molecular Targets for Bioactive Food Components (R21),
PA-07-362, National Institute on Aging, in conjunction with other agencies, April 23, 2007
Administrative Supplements for Translational Aging Research leading to New In...
Notice from the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts
Diet Composition and Energy Balance (R01)
Research on Ethical Issues in Human Subjects Research (R01)
Brain Disorders in the Developing World: Research Across the Lifespan (R01)
Research on the Economics of Diet, Activity, and Energy Balance (R01)
Research on Sleep and Sleep Disorders (R01)
Research on Mind-Body Interactions and Health (R01)
Social and Cultural Dimensions of Health (R01)

Events

Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers:
How Can Specific Population Groups Help Us Identify/Validate Biomarkers for Presymptomatic Diagnosis and Drug Development?
June 7th - 8th, 2007, Marriott Wardman Park Hotel, Washington D.C.

HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY: "HRS Workshop - ISR/SRC Summer Institute, June 2007,"
(June 18th - 22nd) of the Survey Research Center's Summer Institute. 

6th European Congress of Gerontology, 5 to 8 July 2007, St Petersburg, Russia

60th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Gerontological Society of America, November 16-20, San Francisco, United States

 
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This Newsletter  is supported by a grant from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (Grant No. 5 P30 AG012857)